1. CCNA 3 Chapter 8 Spanning Tree Protocol By Your Name www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

3. Redundancy www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Redundant networking topologies are designed to ensure that networks continue to function in the presence of single points of failure.

5. Redundant Switched Topologies www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

6. Broadcast Storms www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

7. Multiple Frames Transmission www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

8. MAC Database Instability www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 In a redundant switched network, it is possible for switches to learn the wrong information. A switch can learn that a MAC address is on a port when it is not.

9. Spanning Tree Protocol www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

10. Bridging Loops for Redundancy www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

11. Spanning Tree www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

12. Spanning-Tree Costs www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

14. Selecting the Root Bridge www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Bridge protocol data unit (BPDU)

15. Spanning-Tree Port States www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003

16. Spanning-Tree Recalculation www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 A switched internetwork has converged when all the switch and bridge ports are in either the forwarding or blocked state.